Networking questions - CCNA based

Another year and time to publish five more questions to get the neurons clicking again for networking, see how you go. A mix of all sorts with the answers below - no cheating :-).

1, What is the hard-coded address found on a network interface card called?


A) IP address
B) NIC address
C) MAC address
D) LAN address

2. TCP and UDP protocols are associated with the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model, which is sometimes referred to as the "host-to-host transport layer".

A) FTP data
B) FTP program
C) Telnet
D) SMTP
E) TFTP

3. What TCP/IP layer are TCP and UDP protocols associated with?

A) Application
B) Host-to-Host
C) Internet
D) Network Access

4. What is the Spanning Tree forward delay?

A) The time that is spent in the Listening and Learning states
B) 50 seconds
C) Time taken for a switch to go from Listening to Forwarding
D) Time taken for a switch to go from Blocking to Forwarding

5. What is required for VTP to communicate VLAN information between switches?

A) VTP domain must be identical on all switches
B) One switch needs to be a VTP server
C) A router is required
D) Both A and B are correct
E) None of the above

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1. Correct Answer: C

2. Correct Answer: B

Explanation:  File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy files from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network.
A client makes a TCP connection to the server's port 21. This connection remains open for the duration of the session called the control connection, with a second connection, called the data connection, opened by the server from its port 20 to a client port required to transfer file data.

3. Correct Answer: B

4. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Forward delay — The time that is spent in the listening and learning state, 15 sec by default, but you can tune the time to be between 4 and 30 sec.

5. Correct Answer: D

Explanation: VTP requires the following to communicate VLAN information between switches.  The VTP domain must be identical on all switches and one switch needs to be a VTP server.

Spanning Tree protocol

Span Tree - nothing to do with coconuts...

 1. What does the Spanning Tree Protocol achieve?

A) Determines a loop free topology
B) Sets up a meshed switched topology
C) Creates bridge loops and broadcast storms
D) Disseminates VLAN topology

2. What does the following statement do?Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast disable

A) Disables spanning-tree on the switch port
B) Disable spanning tree on the switch
C) Changes the spanning-tree switch to portfast mode

 
1.  Answer: A
 
2. Answer: A

Portfast is a method of disabling STP on a switch port.

Summary

STP (Spanning Tree protocol) is used at layer 2 to prevent routing loops for frames on switches with multiple connections. Without STP, imagine 2 switches connected together with 2 separate Ethernet cables, a frame passes from one switch to the other over cable number 1. Switch 2 by default sends the frame out all ports except the one it came from so then this same frame is routed back via the second cable to the first switch, first switch then looks at the address and routes the frame back out the first cable to switch 2 and around it goes again. 

This is a routing loop, also known as "race tracking", and the frame will eventually cause the interface buffers on the switches to overflow, causing traffic degradation, increased CPU and ultimately switch crash. 

STP prevents this from happening by blocking ports between switches, allowing traffic to pass over one link only.  It has to be remembered that STP works vlan by vlan, so you can balance traffic across multiple links by the use of weighting, to allow some vlans on one trunk and others on the other.  Very useful protocol.

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