February networking question

The February edition of random networking questions.

Another 10 questions to get the grey matter ticking :-)

1. A flat network can be best described as...

A) Physically flat
B) One collision domain
C) One broadcast domain
D) One VLAN

2. Where does routing occur within the DoD TCP/IP reference model?

A. application
B. internet
C. network
D. transport

3. What layer of the OSI model provides the physical transmission of data, handles error notifications, network topology and flow control?

A) Physical
B) Data Link
C) Presentation
D) Session
E) Transport

4. Bridges can only have one spanning tree instance, while switches can have many.

A) True
B) False

5. A Cisco router is booting and has just completed the POST process. It is now ready to find and load an IOS image. What function does the router perform next?

A. It checks the configuration register.
B. It attempts to boot from a TFTP server.
C. It loads the first image file in flash memory.
D. It inspects the configuration file in NVRAM for boot instructions.

6. A CIDR value of /30 equates to what subnet mask?

A) 255.255.255.253
B) 255.255.255.128
C) 255.255.255.248
D) 255.255.255.252

7. What is the maximum size of an Ethernet packet when the frames have ISL tagging?(Include the size of headers and CRC)

A) 64 bytes
B) 1500 bytes
C) 1518 bytes
D) 1522 bytes
E) 1548 bytes

8. Which item represents the standard IP ACL?

A. access-list 110 permit ip any any
B. access-list 50 deny 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.255
C. access list 101 deny tcp any host 192.168.1.1
D. access-list 2500 deny tcp any host 192.168.1.1 eq 22

9. Which two commands correctly verify whether port security has been configured on port FastEthernet 0/12 on a switch? (Choose two.)

A. SW1#show port-secure interface FastEthernet 0/12
B. SW1#show switchport port-secure interface FastEthernet 0/12
C. SW1#show running-config
D. SW1#show port-security interface FastEthernet 0/12
E. SW1#show switchport port-security interface FastEthernet 0/12

10. Which protocol can cause overload on a CPU of a managed device?

A. Netflow
B. WCCP
C. IP SLA
D. SNMP













1. Correct Answer C

A switched network can be described as a flat network because broadcasts are transmitted to every device.

2. Correct Answer B

The picture below shows the comparison between TCP/IP model & OSI model. Notice that
the Internet Layer of TCP/IP is equivalent to the Network Layer which is responsible for
routing decision.

3. Correct Answer B

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Link_Layer

4. Correct Answer A

Bridges are software based and can only have one spanning-tree instance per bridge, while switches are hardware based and can have many.

5. Correct Answer A

Default (normal) Boot Sequence
Power on Router - Router does POST - Bootstrap starts IOS load - Check configuration
register to see what mode the router should boot up in (usually 0x2102 to read startupconfig
in NVRAM / or 0x2142 to start in "setup-mode") - check the startup-config file in
NVRAM for boot-system commands - load IOS from Flash.

6. Correct Answer D

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing#Assignment_of_CIDR_blocks

7. Correct Answer E

Cisco's proprietary VLAN tagging (ISL) has a maximum frame size of 1548 bytes.
IEEE 802.1q VLAN tagging has a maximum frame size of 1522 bytes.

8. Correct Answer B

The standard access lists are ranged from 1 to 99 and from 1300 to 1999 so only access
list 50 is a standard access list.

9. Correct Answers C and D

We can verify whether port security has been configured by using the “show runningconfig”
or “show port-security interface” for more detail. An example of the output of “show
port-security interface” command is shown below:

10. Correct Answer D

Sometimes, messages like this might appear in the router console:
%SNMP-3-CPUHOG: Processing [chars] of [chars]
They mean that the SNMP agent on the device has taken too much time to process a
request.

How did you go? very random selection huh :-)

let me know if you found any errors in the comments, more coming .

“Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.”

Dr. Seuss

 

Networking questions part 1

I'm going to try to submit questions at least once a month this year (hopefully more often)

Here's the first batch, enjoy....

1. What layer of the OSI Reference Model sends and receives bits and specifies the electrical, mechanical, procedural and functional requirements for maintaining a physical link between end systems?

A) Session
B) Transport
C) Network
D) Data Link
E) Physical

2. What Cisco IOS keyboard shortcut recalls the oldest command in the command history, beginning with the most recent command?

A) Ctrl+B
B) Ctrl+E
C) Ctrl+U
D) Ctrl+N
E) Ctrl+P

3. What does Router(config)# no access-list 1 command achieve?

A) Removes Access List 1
B) Disables ACL on interface 1
C) Nothing, this is not a Cisco command

4. When would an interface need a clock rate?

A) When the interface is DTE
B) When the interface is DCE

5, What is Cisco's default NAT table entry timeout (translation timeout)?

A) 1 hour
B) 12 hours
C) 24 hours
D) 36 hours
E) 48 hours

6. What is the maximum number of subnets given the following?

192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192
(Assume ip subnet-zero is enabled)

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) 64

7. What is port 21 used for?

A) FTP data
B) FTP program
C) Telnet
D) SMTP
E) TFTP

8. What does the term "Logical address" refer to?
A) MAC address
B) Physical address
C) IP address
D) Link-layer address

9. What is the maximum number of hosts you can assign to a class C network if it is not subnetted?

A) 1024
B) 254
C) 32
D) 512
E) 65025

10. A router has two Fast Ethernet interfaces and needs to connect to four VLANs in the local network. How can you accomplish this task, using the fewest physical interfaces and without decreasing network performance?

A. Use a hub to connect the four VLANS with a Fast Ethernet interface on the router.
B. Add a second router to handle the VLAN traffic.
C. Add two more Fast Ethernet interfaces.
D. Implement a router-on-a-stick configuration.

1. Correct Answer E

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Layer

2. Correct Answer E

Keyboard Shortcut Action

Up Arrow Displays your previous commands.  (command history)
TAB Key Completes a partially typed CLI commands.
CTRL+Z Takes you back to Privileged EXEC Mode.

CTRL+A Places the cursor at the beginning of a line.
CTRL+E Places the cursor at the end of a line.
CTRL+R Redisplays the current command line.
CTRL+W Erases a word (behind the cursor).
CTRL+U Erases an entire line.

3. Correct Answer A

If you wish to remove an access-list, you use the no access-list (list #) command.

4. Correct Answer B

Cisco routers are DTEs by default (Data Terminal Equipment). The DCE (Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment) at the other end of the connection must supply a clock rate to the DTE.

5. Correct Answer C

When an entry is placed into the NAT table a timer begins, the duration of this timer is called the translation timeout, defaulted to 24 hours on Cisco routers.

6. Correct Answer A

192.168.10.0 is a class C address.  The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 implies 2 bits are borrowed.
22 = 4 subnets

7. Correct Answer B

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy files from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network.
A client makes a TCP connection to the server's port 21. This connection remains open for the duration of the session called the control connection, with a second connection, called the data connection, opened by the server from its port 20 to a client port required to transfer file data.

8. Correct Answer C

A Logical address is normally a 32-bit IP address assigned to each host in an IPv4 network.

A Physical address is a unique 48-bit flat address normally burned into the ROM of the NIC card, and therefore cannot be changed. It is divided into 24-bit vendor code and 24-bit serial address.

9. Correct Answer B

For class C the number of bits for host address portion is 8. So 2^8 -2 = 256-2 = 254 hosts.

10. Correct Answer D

A router on a stick allows you to use sub-interfaces to create multiple logical networks on a
single physical interface.

How did you go? If you disagree with any of my answers or find errors, please leave a comment. More coming soon..stay tuned :-)

I remind myself every morning: Nothing I say this day will teach me anything. So if I'm going to learn, I must do it by listening.
Larry King

Networking Questions 2016 Part 5

Here are some more very random networking questions based around the CCNA type of exam head scratchers... :-)

1. What type of NAT allows you to map multiple unregistered IP addresses to a single registered IP address?

A) Static NAT
B) Dynamic NAT
C) Overloading (Port Address Translation)

2. Each port on a switch is a separate broadcast domain?

A) True
B) False

3. Inter-Switch Link and IEEE 802.1Q are types of...

A) Spanning Tree Protocol
B) Trunking method
C) Ethernet
D) Routing protocol

4. What statement is not correct when talking about a shared-medium Ethernet LAN?

A) The data frame broadcast delivery nature of Ethernet can have a negative affect on performance
B) Adding repeaters and hubs to an Ethernet network can increase latency
C) Ethernet is a best-effort delivery service
D) Collisions are caused by CSMA/CD on an Ethernet network

5. What TCP/IP layer are TCP and UDP protocols associated with?

A) Application
B) Host-to-Host
C) Internet
D) Network Access

6. What IOS command would you issue in privileged-mode to change the Cisco router configuration stored on TFTP?

A) config t
B) config mem
C) config net
D) config tftp









1. Answer: C

PAT (Port Address Translation) allows you to map multiple unregistered IP addresses to a single registered IP address.

2. Answer: B

Switches create separate collision domains but a single broadcast domain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_domain

3. Answer: B

Both Inter-Switch Link and IEEE 802.1Q are types of VLAN identification.  Inter-Switch Link (ISL) is a Cisco proprietary protocol whereas IEEE 802.1Q is a standard method of frame tagging.
4. Answer: D (did you get the "not"?)

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a set of rules determining how network devices should respond when two devices try to use the shared medium simultaneously.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection
5. Answer: B

TCP and UDP protocols are associated with the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model, which is sometimes referred to as the "host-to-host transport layer".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite

Internet protocol suite examples:
Application layer
BGP · DHCP · DNS · FTP · HTTP · IMAP · LDAP · MGCP · NNTP · NTP · POP · ONC/RPC · RTP · RTSP · RIP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SSH · Telnet · TLS/SSL · XMPP ·
Transport layer
TCP · UDP · DCCP · SCTP · RSVP 
Internet layer
IP  (IPv4 · IPv6) · ICMP · ICMPv6 · ECN · IGMP · IPsec  
Link layer
ARP · NDP · Tunnels  (L2TP · PPP · MAC  (Ethernet · DSL · ISDN · FDDI ·

6. Answer: C

To change the router configuration stored on TFTP you use configure network (config net)


More random question coming soon :-)

   “Employ your time in improving yourself by other men's writings, so that you shall gain easily what others have labored hard for.”

? Socrates

Networking Questions 2016 Part 4

Been a while since we've stretched the grey matter, time to get to some more thinking with these random networking questions :-) Have fun.


1. In which layer of the OSI model does framing occur?

A) Layer 3
B) Physical layer
C) Application layer
D) Layer 2
E) Network layer

2. How would you view the current Cisco Configuration Register value?

A) show config-register
B) show reg
C) show config
D) show version

3. What does 'r' stand for in the capabilities of a Cisco device in the output of a show cdp neighbor command?

A) Repeater
B) Router
C) IGMP
D) Host
E) Switch

4. Ethernet technology relates to which type of network?

A) WAN
B) LAN
C) MAN
D) SAN
E) All of the above

5. What is the numerical value of the Bridge Priority held by Catalyst switches?

A) 32500
B) 32768
C) 100
D) 1024
E) 32700

6. What OSI layer does the following refer to?

"Establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications"

A) Transport layer
B) Session layer
C) Datalink layer
D) Application layer
E) Presentation layer

7. PPP can be used over what types of serial connections?

A) Synchronous
B) Asynchronous
C) Both
D) Neither

8. Which of the following could be a valid MAC address?

A) 00-08-74-CE-B7-90
B) 192.168.0.1
C) FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
D) 255.255.255.240




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1. Answer: D

The protocol data unit (PDU) of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) is the frame.  Data passed down from the Network layer is framed at layer 2 before being sent on to the Physical layer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Link_Layer

2. Answer: D

You can see the current value of the configuration register by using the show version command.
eg:
Configuration register is 0x2102


3. Answer: A

 Router#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge                  S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

 4. Answer: B

The IEEE standards relating to Ethernet technology were originally developed for local area networks.
This is the Cisco definition, although in practice this definition is very blurred :-).

 5. Answer: B

The Bridge Priority is the numerical value held by switches. All Catalyst switches have a default priority of 32768. To determine the root bridge you combine the priority of each bridge with its MAC. If two switches have the same priority value the lowest MAC address becomes the root bridge.

6. Answer: D


The Application layer of the OSI model (layer 7) establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Layer


7. Answer: C 

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) can be used over ISDN (synchronous) and dial-up (asynchronous) connections.

8. Answer: A

The standard format for printing MAC addresses is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) or colons (:) e.g. 00-08-74-CE-B7-90, 00:08:74:CE:B7:90.
Another convention commonly used is three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots e.g. 0573.4567.19ab.

How did you go??

I told you they would be random, more coming, stay tuned.

Random Cisco based networking questions - CCNA - Part 5

Another half a dozen random networking questions for 2015 with a more routing protocol focus this time, 

enjoy :-).

1. Triggered updates (in a routing protocol) are used to speed the convergence process?

A) True
B) False

2. What class of routing protocol is EIGRP?

A) Link state
B) Distance vector
C) Hybrid

3. What is the administrative distance of OSPF?

A) 110
B) 1
C) 120
D) 90
E) 100

4. What command would you use to erase the startup config of a router?

A) erase nvram
B) erase flash
C) delete startup
D) erase startup
E) delete run

5. What is required for VTP to communicate VLAN information between switches?

A) VTP domain must be identical on all switches
B) One switch needs to be a VTP server
C) A router is required
D) Both A and B are correct
E) None of the above

6. What is the structure of the MAC address?

A) 32 bit network ID + 32 bit host ID
B) 14 bit vendor code + 6 bit serial number
C) 24 bit vendor code + 24 bit serial number
D) Network + Host

Searching for what type of nic card you have in your PC? The easiest way is with the MAC address ( not the kind shown below :-)

A great link you should bookmark for Vendor/Ethernet/Bluetooth MAC Address Lookup and Search at MACFIND.  This allows you to match your MAC address to its vendor or a vendor to a MAC - I find it very useful :-).

http://www.coffer.com/mac_find/

1.  Answer A

A triggered update is sent immediately in response to a change in the network (e.g. A link going down). The router detecting the change immediately sends an update message to its adjacent routers, which then generate their own triggered updates. This process continues until the network converges. Triggered updates occurs independently from the regular routing updates and are intended to speed the convergence process.

2. Answer C

EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol which uses a combination of distance vector and link state methods to determine the best path. EIGRP is considered an advanced distance vector protocol because EIGRP sends out only incremental updates.

3. Answer A

Administrative distance is used by Cisco routers to select the best path when there are two or more different routes to the same destination from two different routing protocols. Administrative distance defines the reliability of a routing protocol.

Routing Protocol	Administrative distance
Directly connected interface	0
Static route out an interface	1
Static route to next-hop address	1
DMNR - Dynamic Mobile Network Routing	3
EIGRP summary route	5
External BGP	20
Internal EIGRP	90
IGRP	100
OSPF	110
IS-IS	115
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)	120
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)	140
On Demand Routing (ODR)	160
External EIGRP	170
Internal BGP	200
Floating Static Route (ex. DHCP-learned)	254
Unknown	255

(Note : An AD of 255 will cause a router to dump this route from its table)

4. Answer D

To erase the startup configuration use the following command:

Router#erase startup-config, or
Router#erase startup

5. Answer D

VTP requires the following to communicate VLAN information between switches.  The VTP domain must be identical on all switches and one switch needs to be a VTP server.

6. Answer C

MAC Addresses are 48 bits long and consist of a 24 bit vendor code and a 24 bit serial number.

More coming, please leave comments if you find any errors or want to debate an answer :-)

More neworking questions in the 2014 series - Final?

Time to stretch the grey matter with some more Cisco based networking questions...with some subnetting thrown in to add to the annoyance  :-)



1. If a switch receives a multicast frame, what does it do with it?

A) Forwards it out every port
B) Sends it back to the originator asking for a destination address
C) Drops the frame

2. What is the reserved address space for a Class B network?

A) 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
B) 20.0.0.0 - 20.255.255.255
C) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
D) 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
E) 208.168.0.0 - 208.168.255.255

(Might need a pencil for the next 2 :-)

3. What valid host range is the IP address 172.25.78.33/27 part of?

4. Which subnet does host 172.26.147.25 255.255.255.224 belong to?

5. IGRP advertises routes to interior, system and exterior routes

A) True
B) False

6. If your switch uses shared memory buffering, what would happen if a packet could not be delivered because of a busy destination port?

A) It would delay transmission of all packets in memory
B) It would be sent to the destination port anyway
C) It would wait in a queue while all other packets in memory are transmitted
D) It would drop the packet after an allocated time

7. What is the default administrative distance of a static route?

A) 1
B) 90
C) 100
D) 110
E) 120

8. Trunk links are used to communicate between...

A) Two switches
B) A switch and router
C) A switch and server
D) A switch and PC
E) A, B and C are correct






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1. Correct Answer A 

Internally multicast is treated as broadcast. So the Switch, will send it to all port except from which it recieve. Same way it will treat broadcast also.

2. Correct Answer C

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network#Private_IPv4_address_spaces

3. 172.25.78.33 through to 172.25.78.62

4. 172.26.147.0

5. Correct Answer A

IGRP advertises three types of routes:

Interior routes are routes between subnets in the network attached to a router interface.
System routes are routes to networks within an autonomous system.
Exterior routes are routes to networks outside the autonomous system.

6. Correct Answer C

The area of memory where the switch stores the data is called the memory buffer.

The memory buffer can use two methods for forwarding frames:
port-based memory buffering
shared memory buffering

In port-based memory buffering frames are stored in queues that are linked to specific incoming ports.

Shared memory buffering deposits all frames into a common memory buffer which all the ports on the switch share.

7. Correct Answer A

The default administrative distance for a static route is 1.

8. Correct Answer E

A trunk link is a point-to-point link between two switches, a switch and router or a switch and server which carries multiple VLAN traffic.

Not sure if there will be more questions before Christmas, however I plan new sets for 2015 so come back and we'll have some more lernin... :-)  

Have a good Christmas.

Cisco base networking questions for 2014 - part 7

Here's some more random networking to activate the brain cells... enjoy!!!

Thought it was about time I started 

adding to the collection :-) apologies for the gap.

 1. What is the correct sequence of Spanning Tree states?

A) Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding, Disabled
B) Disabled, Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding
C) Learning, Listening, Forwarding, Disabled, Blocking
D) Listening, Learning, Forwarding, Blocking, Disabled

2. If a switch receives a multicast frame, what does it do with it?

A) Forwards it out every port
B) Sends it back to the originator asking for a destination address
C) Drops the frame

3. IGRP advertises routes to interior, system and exterior routes

A) True
B) False

4. What is the reserved address space for a Class C network?

A) 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
B) 20.0.0.0 - 20.255.255.255
C) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
D) 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
E) 208.168.0.0 - 208.168.255.255

5. What does the trace response N mean?

A) Network unreachable
B) Not forwarded due to ACL restriction
C) Protocol unreachable
D) Port could not be reached

6. Cut Through switching method is best described by which of the following?

A) The entire frame is received before forwarding is commenced
B) Forwards frame after receiving the destination MAC address
C) Filters out collision packets by waiting for the first 64 bytes of data
D) Forwards frame after receiving the source MAC address

1. Correct Answer A
 

STP switch port states:

Blocking > Listening > Learning > Forwarding > Disabled 

2. Correct Answer A 

Internally multicast is treated as broadcast. So the Switch, will send it to all ports except from the one which it is received, just like a broadcast.

3. Correct Answer A

IGRP advertises three types of routes:

Interior routes are routes between subnets in the network attached to a router interface.
System routes are routes to networks within an autonomous system.
Exterior routes are routes to networks outside the autonomous system.

4. Correct Answer D

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network#Private_IPv4_address_spaces

5.  Correct Answer A

Cisco Trace Command Response Codes
Response Meaning
 *         Timed out
 !H       router received packet but did not forward it
 N        network unreachable
 P        protocol unreachable
 U        port unreachable

6. Correct Answer B

Cut-Through switching is also referred to as Fast Forward.

When in cut-through mode the switch waits for the destination MAC Address to be received. Once the MAC Address is known the switch refers to its MAC filter table to determine which port the frame should be forwarded out. The switch forwards the frame even before the entire frame has arrived.

I hope you enjoyed those - more to come..stay tuned....

   “Success is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success.”

― Joyce Brothers

A new series of Cisco base networking questions for 2014 - part 6

Lets get to thinking with a random selection of Networking / IT based questions and answers :-)








1. When each network segment uses a different subnet mask this is referred to as...

A) Classful routing
B) Classless routing

2. What is the structure of the MAC address?

A) 32 bit network ID + 32 bit host ID
B) 14 bit vendor code + 6 bit serial number
C) 24 bit vendor code + 24 bit serial number
D) Network + Host
3. Which WAN protocol is capable of carrying video, Circuit Switched Data And Telephone Services using normal phone network?

A) Frame Relay
B) ISDN
C) PPP
D) ISL

4. What do the IOS commands below achieve?

Router(config)#access-list 5 permit 172.5.15.2
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#access-class 5 in
 A) Create an extended ACL to only permit host 172.5.15.2 to connect to VTY
B) Create a standard ACL to only permit host 172.5.15.2 to connect to VTY
C) Create an extended ACL to only permit hosts on the network 172.5.15.2 to connect to VTY
D) Create a standard ACL to only permit hosts on the network 172.5.15.2 to connect to VTY

5. What OSI layer does the following refer to?

"Establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications"

A) Transport layer
B) Session layer
C) Datalink layer
D) Application layer
E) Presentation layer

6. IGRP advertises routes to interior, system and exterior routes

A) True
B) False




-->
Clickbank Products



1. Correct Answer B

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classful_network

2. Correct Answer C

MAC Addresses are 48 bits long and consist of a 24 bit vendor code and a 24 bit serial number.

3. Correct Answer B

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of standards for simultaneous digital communications (voice, video, data) over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.

4. Correct Answer B

Router(config)#access-list 5 permit 172.5.15.2
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#access-class 5 in

This standard access list permits only the host 172.5.15.2 to connect to your VTY telnet line.

5. Correct Answer D

The Application layer of the OSI model (layer 7) establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications.

6. Correct Answer A

IGRP advertises three types of routes:

Interior routes are routes between subnets in the network attached to a router interface.
System routes are routes to networks within an autonomous system.
Exterior routes are routes to networks outside the autonomous system.

Let me know how you went, :-)

 "I couldn't wait for success so I started without it" 

Jonathan Winters

A new series of Cisco base networking questions for 2014 - part 5

Another selection of random Networking / IT based questions and answer, hopefully to help with getting your certifications or just increase knowledge - enjoy. 



1.  Which of the following best describes the presentation layer?

A) Translates between different data formats
B) Provides transport services
C) Supports communication between different programs
D) Establishes and terminates applications

2. Which protocol is used to determine the IP address if the MAC address is already known?

A) ARP
B) RARP
C) IP
D) IPX
E) TCP

3. What IOS command will copy the current running-config to NVRAM?

A) write memory
B) wr nvram
C) copy start-up run
D) copy run start
E) Answers A and D are correct

4. What process is used to check whether packets have been received when using IP?

A) Acknowledgments
B) CRC
C) Windowing
D) Flow control
E) None

5. Subnetting Questions

    a. What is the broadcast address of the network 192.168.98.64/26? 

    b. Which subnet does host 172.27.249.128 255.255.248.0 belong to?

6. What IOS command would you issue in privileged-mode to change the router configuration stored on TFTP?

A) config t
B) config mem
C) config net
D) config tftp










1. Correct Answer A

Presentation Layer is the 6th Layer of OSI model. It is responsible for converting different formats to device understandable language at both ends.

 2. Correct Answer B

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is a networking protocol used by a host computer to request its IP address from an administrative host, when it knows its MAC address.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Address_Resolution_Protocol 

 3. Correct Answer E

There are two types of configuration files on a router:

Running config - The configuration currently running on the router. Stored in RAM.
Startup config - Saved configuration stored in NVRAM.

To save the running configuration to the startup configuration use the following command.

Router# copy running-config startup-config  
or
Router# copy run start

 4. Correct Answer E

Trick question. IP provides no form of error correction / acknowledgements.
(Cisco loves trick questions....)

 5. Correct Answers

 a.  192.168.98.127
 b.  172.27.248.0

6.  Correct Answer C

To change the router configuration stored on TFTP you use configure network (config net)


 A couple of curly ones there, subnetting always seems to slow one down :-)

Stay tuned for more...