Networking Questions 2016 Part 4

Been a while since we've stretched the grey matter, time to get to some more thinking with these random networking questions :-) Have fun.


1. In which layer of the OSI model does framing occur?

A) Layer 3
B) Physical layer
C) Application layer
D) Layer 2
E) Network layer

2. How would you view the current Cisco Configuration Register value?

A) show config-register
B) show reg
C) show config
D) show version

3. What does 'r' stand for in the capabilities of a Cisco device in the output of a show cdp neighbor command?

A) Repeater
B) Router
C) IGMP
D) Host
E) Switch

4. Ethernet technology relates to which type of network?

A) WAN
B) LAN
C) MAN
D) SAN
E) All of the above

5. What is the numerical value of the Bridge Priority held by Catalyst switches?

A) 32500
B) 32768
C) 100
D) 1024
E) 32700

6. What OSI layer does the following refer to?

"Establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications"

A) Transport layer
B) Session layer
C) Datalink layer
D) Application layer
E) Presentation layer

7. PPP can be used over what types of serial connections?

A) Synchronous
B) Asynchronous
C) Both
D) Neither

8. Which of the following could be a valid MAC address?

A) 00-08-74-CE-B7-90
B) 192.168.0.1
C) FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
D) 255.255.255.240




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1. Answer: D

The protocol data unit (PDU) of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) is the frame.  Data passed down from the Network layer is framed at layer 2 before being sent on to the Physical layer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Link_Layer

2. Answer: D

You can see the current value of the configuration register by using the show version command.
eg:
Configuration register is 0x2102


3. Answer: A

 Router#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge                  S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

 4. Answer: B

The IEEE standards relating to Ethernet technology were originally developed for local area networks.
This is the Cisco definition, although in practice this definition is very blurred :-).

 5. Answer: B

The Bridge Priority is the numerical value held by switches. All Catalyst switches have a default priority of 32768. To determine the root bridge you combine the priority of each bridge with its MAC. If two switches have the same priority value the lowest MAC address becomes the root bridge.

6. Answer: D


The Application layer of the OSI model (layer 7) establishes availability of intended communication partners, establishes agreement on procedures regarding error recovery and data integrity and synchronizes networked applications.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Layer


7. Answer: C 

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) can be used over ISDN (synchronous) and dial-up (asynchronous) connections.

8. Answer: A

The standard format for printing MAC addresses is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) or colons (:) e.g. 00-08-74-CE-B7-90, 00:08:74:CE:B7:90.
Another convention commonly used is three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots e.g. 0573.4567.19ab.

How did you go??

I told you they would be random, more coming, stay tuned.

Understanding Engineers

 The following is a collection of quotes gleaned from the pages of pprune.org replicated here for your enjoyment :-)

Understanding Engineers #1
Two engineering students were biking across a university campus when one said, "Where did you get such a great bike?" The second engineer replied, "Well, I was walking along yesterday, minding my own business, when a beautiful woman rode up on this bike, threw it to the ground, took off all her clothes and said, "Take what you want." The first engineer nodded approvingly and said, "Good choice: The clothes probably wouldn't have fit you anyway."

Understanding Engineers #2
To the optimist, the glass is half-full. To the pessimist, the glass is half-empty.
To the engineer, the glass is twice as big as it needs to be.

Understanding Engineers #3
A priest, a doctor, and an engineer were waiting one morning for a particularly slow group of golfers. The engineer fumed, "What's with those guys? We must have been waiting for fifteen minutes!"
The doctor chimed in, "I don't know, but I've never seen such inept golf!"
The priest said, "Here comes the greens-keeper. Let's have a word with him."
He said, "Hello George, What's wrong with that group ahead of us? They're rather slow, aren't they?"
The greens-keeper replied, "Oh, yes. That's a group of blind firemen. They lost their sight saving our clubhouse from a fire last year, so we always let them play for free anytime!."
The group fell silent for a moment.
The priest said, "That's so sad. I think I will say a special prayer for them tonight."
The doctor said, "Good idea. I'm going to contact my ophthalmologist colleague and see if there's anything she can do for them."
The engineer said, "Why can't they play at night?"

Understanding Engineers #4
What is the difference between mechanical engineers and civil engineers?
Mechanical engineers build weapons . Civil engineers build targets .

Understanding Engineers #5
The graduate with a science degree asks, "Why does it work?"
The graduate with an engineering degree asks, "How does it work?"
The graduate with an accounting degree asks, "How much will it cost?"
The graduate with an arts degree asks, "Do you want fries with that?"

Understanding Engineers #6
Three engineering students were gathered together discussing who must have designed the human body. One said, "It was a mechanical engineer . Just look at all the joints".
Another said, "No, it was an electrical engineer. The nervous system has many thousands of electrical connections".
The last one said, "No, actually it had to have been a civil engineer. Who else would run a toxic waste pipeline through a recreational area?"

Understanding Engineers #7
Normal people believe that if it ain’t broke, don't fix it.
Engineers believe that if it ain’t broke, it doesn't have enough features yet.

Understanding Engineers #8
An engineer was crossing a road one day, when a frog called out to him and said, "If you kiss me, I'll turn into a beautiful princess".
He bent over, picked up the frog, and put it in his pocket.
The frog spoke up again and said, "If you kiss me, I'll turn back into a beautiful princess and stay with you for one week".
The engineer took the frog out of his pocket, smiled at it and returned it to the pocket.
The frog then cried out, "If you kiss me and turn me back into a princess, I'll stay with you for one week and do anything you want".
Again, the engineer took the frog out, smiled at it and put it back into his pocket.
Finally, the frog asked, "What is the matter? I've told you I'm a beautiful princess and that I'll stay with you for one week and do anything you want. Why won't you kiss me?"
The engineer said, "Look , I'm an engineer. I don't have time for a girlfriend, but a talking frog - now that's cool".

The Roots Of Radio Hobbyists

Radio hobbyists can play with their equipment all day without giving a thought to the origins of their hobby. Early radio hobbyists were part of something that was, at the time, new and fairly crazy.

After radio technology was stabilized, there was a steady growth of radio signaling in the fields of navigation of ships and for rescue operations. On the other hand, the amateur radio operators also started to dominate the air. The first documented and famous amateur wireless enthusiast was a then young man named Irving Vermilya born in 1890 when wireless transmission was being born. The young man since age 12 heard Marconi and built his own wireless transmission equipment and was often "heard" telegraphing with ships during that time. In 1911 he became a member of the Radio Club that had been formed. He got himself certified in 1912 when law mandated all wireless operators to be certified. In his own words,

This was pre-audio era, and communication was purely in Morse code. Irving then organized his own amateur group who had regular meetings monthly and would communicate daily wishing "GM" (good morning) and "GN" (good night), some of the first amateur jargon to be used. He also proceeds to describe in his series of articles published in QST magazine in 1917 as to how they managed to lay the telegraph lines and such and how they "drew juice" for the wireless operation from the electric lines instead of relying on batteries.

Meanwhile, apart from the "professionals" and "amateurs", with audio wireless signal transmission there was a new revolution setting in. A Dutch engineer in Hague was the first to make regular wireless transmission via radio. This could be considered the first regular radio broadcast. After this there was slow development until the commercial radio stations came into being.

The requirement to be certified killed the enthusiasm in many amateurs, and the number of amateurs dwindled. But then after WWI, there was a boom. The first radio clubs were formed in 1909 and this was the beginning of the radio hobbies which included radio as a part of the hobby activity.

During the WWI the amateur radio operators were asked to stop their activity and dismantle the equipment. Radio operators in uniform helped in military communications. They got back on the air again by November 1919 again. A similar lull in amateur radio happened during Second World War and got back on air by 1946. After lots of battles over the frequency range that the amateurs can tune into, the amateur radio is here to stay!

At present there are more than 170,000 ham operators which is possibly not the complete picture. It is still increasing. So, with Irving Vermilya was born the amateur radio operation, since he was the first radio hobbyist. After lots of developments, including the discovery of the transistor which greatly decreased the size of the radio equipment, the old ways still remains which included "waiting for someone to signal".

The rules to get oneself certified and licensed included a Morse code proficiency until the World Radiocommunication Conference in Geneva in 2003 that eliminated the need for Morse code proficiency from the licensure tests. Taking effect from February 23, 2007 the Morse code has been eliminated from the tests for amateur radio license tests.