Random networking questions for you

Here are a few more ideas 

to get the grey matter ticking,

 all Cisco based questions, enjoy.

1. Which switching mode has the highest degree of error checking?

A) Fragment-Free
B) Fast-Forward
C) Cut-Through
D) Store-and-Forward
E) FIFO

2. Router(config)#access-list 150 deny tcp any host 172.32.14.2 eq 25

What type of ACL is this and what is it performing?

A) Standard ACL, deny all SMTP traffic to host 172.32.14.2
B) Standard ACL, deny all Telnet traffic to host 172.32.14.2
C) Extended ACL, deny all SMTP traffic to host 172.32.14.2
D) Extended ACL, deny all Telnet traffic to host 172.32.14.2
E) Named ACL, deny all SMTP traffic to host 172.32.14.2

3. Router(config-router)#

What mode are you in when you see this prompt?

A) user exec mode
B) privileged mode
C) global configuration mode
D) interface configuration mode
E) routing protocol configuration

4. IP subnet-zero is enabled on all your routers.
How many bits must you borrow to create 16 subnets?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

5, What IP address will test the internal loopback of a node?

A) 127.0.0.1
B) 255.255.255.255
C) 0.0.0.0
D) 126.0.0.1
E) 127.0.0.0

6. The maximum default hop count for Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is?

A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 16
E) 30





LearnSecurityOnline.com is a highly interactive online security training experience. We do this by utilizing simulators, security games, challenge servers, and hacking competitions to give you both the technical knowledge and hands-on experience required to be a competent IT & IT Security Professional all in a safe and legal environment.



1. Correct Answer: D

Store and forward switching method is known as store and forward because the switch will store the incoming data frame in its internal buffer, then when the complete frame has been received the switch will then run a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) against the frame. If the CRC passes, the switch will then look up the destination MAC Address in its MAC filter table to forward it on to its destination.

2. Correct Answer: C

Router(config)#access-list 150 deny tcp any host 172.32.14.2 eq 25
Port 25 is SMTP. This extended ACL denies traffic from any source to host 172.32.14.2.

3. Correct Answer: E

Here is a summary of Cisco IOS router command prompts:

Router> - User EXEC mode
Router# - Privileged EXEC mode
Router(config)# - Global configuration mode
Router(config-if)# - Interface level configuration mode
Router(config-router)# - Routing engine level within configuration mode
Router(config-line)# - Line level (vty, tty, async) within configuration mode

4. Correct Answer: D

4 bit mask = 16 subnets

5. Correct Answer: A

127.0.0.1 is the loopback address in IP, it is a test mechanism for network adapters. Messages sent to 127.0.0.1 do not get delivered to the network. The NIC intercepts all loopback messages and returns them to the sending application.

6. Correct Answer: C

The maximum allowable hop count for RIP is 15 by default. 16 is unreachable.

How did you go? leave a comment if you found these helpful, thanks.

“Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.”

- Dr. Seuss

Networking questions part 4

Another batch of random network questions, specifically targeted at the CCNA exam for those budding engineers out there - or people like me that need refreshing sometimes :-) enjoy.


1. What does 'r' stand for in the capabilities of a Cisco device in the output of a show cdp neighbor command?

A) Repeater
B) Router
C) IGMP
D) Host
E) Switch

2. What describes the role of the Session layer?

A) Provides transport services
B) Translates between different data formats
C) Supports communication between applications
D) Establishes and terminates communications between applications

3. What is the default VTP mode of operation for the Cisco Catalyst switch?

A) Client
B) Server
C) Transparent

4. The maximum default hop count for Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is?

A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 16
E) 30

5. What is the purpose of VTP pruning?

A) Reduces unnecessary VLANS
B) Reduces traffic on VLAN1
C) Reduces unnecessary broadcast and multicast traffic
D) A mechanism used to create Switched VLANs
E) Manages the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs

1. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Router#show cdp neighbors 

Capability Codes: 

• R - Router, 
• T - Trans Bridge, 
• B - Source Route Bridge,  
• S - Switch, 
• H - Host, 
• I - IGMP, 
• r - Repeater

2.  Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The Session Layer (layer 5) of the OSI model provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes.

3. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The default mode for all Catalyst switches is Server.
A VTP domain requires at least one VTP server.

4. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The maximum allowable hop count for RIP is 15 by default. 16 is unreachable.

5.  Correct Answer: C

Explanation: VTP pruning makes more efficient use of VLAN trunk bandwidth by reducing unnecessary broadcast traffic. Broadcast and unknown uni-cast frames on a VLAN are only forwarded over a trunk link if the switch on the receiving end of the trunk has ports in that VLAN.

Courage doesn't always roar. Sometimes courage is the quiet voice at the end of the day saying, "I will try again tomorrow".
~ Mary Anne Radmacher

-->

Clickbank Products

Networking questions part 3

These questions are based on Cisco CCNA network exam, and I believe are also a good refresher to keep the mind active.  If you don't use it, you'll lose it as they say :-).



 
1. The Transport layer is...

A) Connectionless
B) Connection-oriented
C) Both

2. HDLC is ISO standard WAN protocol which means you don't need Cisco routers at both ends of a WAN connection, a router from any vendor that supports HDLC will work.

A) True
B) False

3. If your switch uses shared memory buffering, what would happen if a packet could not be delivered because of a busy destination port?

A) It would delay transmission of all packets in memory
B) It would be sent to the destination port anyway
C) It would wait in a queue while all other packets in memory are transmitted
D) It would drop the packet after an allocated time

4. Which switching mode is the most likely to forward frames containing errors?

A) FIFO
B) Modified Cut-Through
C) Store-and-Forward
D) Cut-Through
E) Fragment-Free

5. When STP is converging no data can move through the switched network.

A) True
B) False





-->
Clickbank Products



1. Correct Answer: C

2. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Even though HDLC is an ISO standard, each vendor has their own version of HDLC.

3. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The area of memory where the switch stores the data is called the memory buffer.

The memory buffer can use two methods for forwarding frames:

• port-based memory buffering - In port-based memory buffering frames are stored in queues that are linked to specific incoming ports.
• shared memory buffering - Shared memory buffering deposits all frames into a common memory buffer which all the ports on the switch share.

4. Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Cut-Through switching is also referred to by Cisco as Fast Forward.

When in cut-through mode the switch waits for the destination MAC Address to be received. Once the MAC Address is known the switch refers to its MAC filter table to determine which port the frame should be forwarded out. The switch forwards the frame even before the entire frame has arrived.

Frames with and without errors are forwarded in cut-through switching, leaving the error detection of the frame to the intended recipient.

5. Correct Answer: A

How did you go?

More Networking Questions

Five more questions to get the brain thinking again for networking. A mix of all sorts with the answers below - no cheating :-).

 1. What is required for VTP to communicate VLAN information between switches?

A) VTP domain must be identical on all switches
B) One switch needs to be a VTP server
C) A router is required
D) Both A and B are correct
E) None of the above

 2. What is the numerical value of the Bridge Priority held by Cisco Catalyst switches?

A) 32500
B) 32768
C) 100
D) 1024
E) 32700
3. What is the function of asymmetric switching?

A) To prioritise bandwidth to nodes that need it
B) To prevent bottlenecks on the port a server is connected to
C) To allow RAS clients to connect to the network

 4. What IOS command would you issue in privileged-mode to change the router configuration stored on TFTP?

A) config t
B) config mem
C) config net
D) config tftp
5. Where would you place more specific tests in your access list?

A) At the top
B) At the bottom
C) Placement doesn't matter

-->

Clickbank Products

1. Correct Answer: D

Explanation: VTP requires the following to communicate VLAN information between switches.  The VTP domain must be identical on all switches and one switch needs to be a VTP server.

2. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The Bridge Priority is the numerical value held by switches. All Catalyst switches have a default priority of 32768. To determine the root bridge you combine the priority of each bridge with its MAC. If two switches have the same priority value the lowest MAC address becomes the root bridge.

3. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: An asymmetric switch provides switched connections between ports of different bandwidths. Asymmetric switching is optimized for client-server traffic where multiple clients simultaneously communicate with a server, requiring more bandwidth dedicated to the server port to prevent a bottleneck at that port.

4. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: To change the router configuration stored on TFTP you use configure network (config net)

5. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Always organise your access lists so the more specific tests are at the top.

How did you go? More to come next week.

Networking questions - CCNA based

Another year and time to publish five more questions to get the neurons clicking again for networking, see how you go. A mix of all sorts with the answers below - no cheating :-).

1, What is the hard-coded address found on a network interface card called?


A) IP address
B) NIC address
C) MAC address
D) LAN address

2. TCP and UDP protocols are associated with the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model, which is sometimes referred to as the "host-to-host transport layer".

A) FTP data
B) FTP program
C) Telnet
D) SMTP
E) TFTP

3. What TCP/IP layer are TCP and UDP protocols associated with?

A) Application
B) Host-to-Host
C) Internet
D) Network Access

4. What is the Spanning Tree forward delay?

A) The time that is spent in the Listening and Learning states
B) 50 seconds
C) Time taken for a switch to go from Listening to Forwarding
D) Time taken for a switch to go from Blocking to Forwarding

5. What is required for VTP to communicate VLAN information between switches?

A) VTP domain must be identical on all switches
B) One switch needs to be a VTP server
C) A router is required
D) Both A and B are correct
E) None of the above

-->

Clickbank Products

1. Correct Answer: C

2. Correct Answer: B

Explanation:  File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy files from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network.
A client makes a TCP connection to the server's port 21. This connection remains open for the duration of the session called the control connection, with a second connection, called the data connection, opened by the server from its port 20 to a client port required to transfer file data.

3. Correct Answer: B

4. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Forward delay — The time that is spent in the listening and learning state, 15 sec by default, but you can tune the time to be between 4 and 30 sec.

5. Correct Answer: D

Explanation: VTP requires the following to communicate VLAN information between switches.  The VTP domain must be identical on all switches and one switch needs to be a VTP server.

Mobile messaging formats summary

Anyone interested in mobile advertising needs to be familiar with the following terms:

Mobile Web, Wireless Internet

A channel for delivery of web content that offers and formats content according to the mobile context. Mobile context is characterized by the nature of user information needs (updating blog, searching for restaurant), basic mobile phone characteristics (screen size, keypad input), and special capabilities (connection type, location).

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

Standard for messaging systems that enable sending messages that include multimedia objects (images, audio, video, rich text). May or may not include normal text.

Short Message Service (SMS)

A standard for telephony messaging systems that allows sending messages between mobile devices that consist of text-only content in a short (up to 160 characters) message (SMS, TXT).

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

Wireless Application Protocol. An open international standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless information and telephony services on mobile devices.

WAP 2.0

Format of choice for mobile web. Allows mobile carriers, content providers and media companies to present content and functionality in more robust formats via faster wireless technologies (as compared to WAP 1.0) and is more in line with Internet standards.

WAP Pull

User directly requests a mobile WAP site by entering a URL or by entering the phone number on a content provider web page.

WAP Push

A specifically encoded message that includes a link to a WAP address allowing WAP content to be pushed to the handset

-->

Clickbank Products

Star fleet engineering

Gives you a headache doesn't it, maybe IKEA can get some tips :-)

I failed a Health and Safety course at the office yesterday. 

One of the questions was: "In the event of a fire, what steps would you take?" 

"F*%king' big ones" was apparently the wrong answer.

The Cool Accessories That You Should Have for Your iPod Touch

We live in a world where technology 

is everything in our everyday lives. 

From work to entertainment, you will see that technology is always present here.

The iPod Touch is more than just a portable multimedia player but it is also a Wi-Fi mobile platform where you will be able to access the internet with the device while inside a Wi-Fi hotspot. In addition to that, this device is also a digital camera that will be able to let you take and store pictures, a time piece, and it is also a personal organizer complete with an interactive calendar.

You will see that there are numerous accessories that go well with the iPod Touch. These accessories can be purchased separately and can greatly enhance the functionality of your Apple iPod Touch. There are quite a lot of genuine Apple iPod Touch accessories that you can choose from and a lot more from third party manufacturers that also offer great accessories for the iPod Touch.

These accessories don't only provide more functionality for the iPod Touch, but it also provides additional entertainment when one uses the device. In fact, some accessories were designed by large electronic manufacturers, such as JBL, Belkin, and Bose to name three of the big companies in the world of audio technology. The accessories they sell for the iPod Touch will be able to enhance the quality of sound.

Some accessories even allow you to listen to AM and FM radio. Others will let you record music and even watch live television. For the athletic person, you will definitely enjoy the Nike+iPod nanometer as this will serve as a great way to measure your progress during your exercise.

For people who love photography, the Apple iPod Touch has accessories that will allow you to connect the iPod Touch directly to the printer in order to print the pictures you take while you are on the go.

However, if you really want the best out of your iPod Touch, then nothing will be able to do it other than purchasing a set of external speakers. This will allow you to share music with other people, which is what iPod Touch is all about. In fact, some speakers produces high quality sound that you can even start a party with just your iPod Touch and its portable speakers. Some speakers have wireless remote controls which will be able to add to your convenience.

Protective cases are also a must have accessory for your iPod Touch. This will be able to protect your iPod Touch from bumps, scratches and other damages.

As you can see, there are quite a lot of accessories available for the iPod Touch. With these accessories, you will be able to maximize the functionality of your iPod Touch as well as maximize your enjoyment with it. So, the next time you plan on buying an iPod Touch, you may want to consider purchasing some of the accessories mentioned to go with it.

iPod Touch and the Touch Screen Technology

Today’s electronic market is dominated by Apple and the company has proven its triumph with the introduction of the iPod Touch. Through the years, Apple has maintained the excellence its known for. 

Back in 1997, the classic iPod was first launched in the market. The market was revolutionized upon the entry of the iPod and just over a year ago, the new generation iPods were released. Among all music devices, iPods are deemed the best. In fact, sales records in Europe and the US have reached world records especially with the launching of the new iPod Touch. 

If you love iTunes, you will definitely fall in love with the new iPod Touch because the device can download music tracks directly from iTunes. This feature is possible because the iPod Touch is Wi-Fi capable. The screen is about 3.5 inches and so you can watch videos or movies clearly and vividly. Images come alive because of the iPod’s bright color on a display of 320x480 pixels.

The touch screen technology is also incorporated in the new iPod Touch just like the iPhone. You can even zoom in and out of photos. With a simple scrolling of the fingers, you can scroll through videos, songs, and movies.  With the ease of use of the new generation iPods, many people are yearning to own one.

What are the contents in the box of the iPod Touch? When you purchase a brand new unit of iPod Touch, it is already equipped with a USB2.0 cable, earphones, polishing cloth, dock adapter, and stand. A start guide is also provided so that you can use your new iPod immediately. If you want maximum entertainment, you need to have a computer with internet connection at home. Other requirements include iTunes 7.4 and USB2.0 port. Broadband internet connections are preferred especially if you plan to download videos, music tracks, and movies often.

If you already have an internet connection at home, you can start checking out the website of Apple. By visiting their website, you can get a detailed description of the device. You can also check out its physical features. There are good deals in many major online stores today and by shopping around, you night be able to get a discount (even a small one).

Many people are looking for the new iPod Touch and the sales of the device are soaring high since its launching in September 2007. It even broke the record sales of other music devices. So far, the iPods are the top selling music devices in the market. It’s not only a gadget for listening to music but also for playing games, watching videos and movies.

Why do People Love iPod Touch?

What’s the best device out in the market so far?

 According to many, the iPod Touch is the best and it has surpassed the demand for the classic iPod or Nano, or even the iPhone. Are you wondering why people love the iPod Touch?

Many individuals now own an iPod Touch and it’s not really a surprise. You see, even older adults love mp3 and mp4 players, iPhones, and other high tech devices; so why not own an iPod Touch? As long as you can afford to purchase this device, you can have it. 

If you plan to give an iPod Touch as a gift, you need to ensure that you give it to someone who’s extra special because this device is quite expensive. It can be a very memorable gift to a loved one.

Today’s environment is very much different from that of long ago. Most people are now enjoying the instant gratification of information, music, movies, videos, applications, iTunes, and the internet. When you have an iPod Touch, it’s like going to your favorite game, CD or DVD store. By just looking at your iPod Touch’s screen, you can already enjoy these things. 

iPod Touch features include:

1. iPod Touch interfaces with the Microsoft Outlook. Some jobs utilize Outlook and having an iPod Touch can be quite handy.

2. Sales people can benefit a lot from the iPod Touch because it has a very useful feature – calculator. Calculating figures is not always easy especially if you’re already dealing with huge amounts.

3. Sellers can also benefit from the iPod Touch because you can store important photos. That way, when your customer wants to see a picture of the product, you can simply show the photo saved in the iPod.

4. If you plan to bring your iPod when you go out, don’t worry because it perfectly fits your pocket.

5. With a simple touch on the screen, you can already maneuver in the different folders and files stored in your iPod; that’s why it is called iPod Touch

6. Another feature of the iPod is the Calendar. You can keep your most important meetings, schedules, and appointments in the calendar and you can even synchronize it with Microsoft Outlook.

7. You can better manage your time with the aid of the iPod Touch. You won’t need to have a record book just to monitor your daily activities at home or in the office.

Many individuals can’t leave their homes without the iPod Touch in their pockets. This is already a proof that so many people love the new iPod. The modern world is changing fast and you can expect more improvements in the coming years. Surely the iPod will become a much better gadget.

Start looking for an iPod Touch now. You can purchase it in major online stores or you can also shop around the stores in your locality. There are already imitations of the iPod so be very careful when purchasing the gadget. You need to ensure that you’re getting a genuine iPod Touch; if you can find a low priced iPod Touch, you’d better think twice because it might be an imitation.

The iPod Touch has definitely hit the market by storm. 
Make sure that you own one now.